Hiperplasia endometrial cística em cadelas: Revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia, or more popularly known as pyometra, is one of the main reproductive disorders found in routine veterinary clinics, and is therefore the most common in female dogs. Pyometra refers to an inflammatory process in the uterus, which is caused by a hormonal influence associated with a bacterial infection with accumulation of purulent secretion. Symptoms range from mild, such as anorexia, apathy, to more severe signs, such as emesis, diarrhea, polyuria, and polydipsia due to lesions in the renal parenchyma by previously formed immune complexes. The patient may possibly die. Pyometra can manifest itself in two forms: open (open cervix) or closed (closed cervix), with the closed form being the most dangerous. Diagnosis is made through clinical signs, patient history, and additional tests, such as laboratory tests, ultrasounds, and radiographs. Treatment should be emergency due to the risk of progression to sepsis. In view of this, the most indicated treatment is surgical procedure, ovariohysterectomy, however, in some cases clinical treatment with the use of medication may be chosen, especially in breeding females. The prognosis depends on the clinical case and the patient's recovery, but is considered poor to poor. In view of this, it is important to analyze the different methods of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of pyometra in female dogs, aiming to provide relevant information for an effective and improved approach to this clinical condition in veterinary settings.